Талмуд к Авот 2:6
אַף הוּא רָאָה גֻלְגֹּלֶת אַחַת שֶׁצָּפָה עַל פְּנֵי הַמַּיִם. אָמַר לָהּ, עַל דַּאֲטֵפְתְּ, אַטְפוּךְ. וְסוֹף מְטִיפַיִךְ יְטוּפוּן:
Он (Гилель) тоже видел некий череп, плавающий на воде. Он сказал ему: «Потому что ты утонул (другие), ты утонул». [Вы были злодеем, и вы утопили их в реке, и мера за меру была вам выплачена], и, в конце концов, ваши утопители утонут, [потому что не они утопили вас, но ради -DIN; и Святой Благословен, что Он передал вас им. Поскольку ответственность передана ответственному, и Ему суждено впоследствии требовать вашей смерти от них.]
Jerusalem Talmud Berakhot
It has been stated: Rebbi Yehudah67In the print of the Babli, Menaḥot 43b, “R. Meïr.” However, R. Rabbinowitz notes a German and an Egyptian manuscript of the Babli that have “R. Yehudah”, as well R. Isaac Fasi and Rosh, in line with the Yerushalmi and the Tosephta, Berakhot 6:17. The entire paragraph is from R. Yehudah in the Tosephta. says, three things a man has to recite every day: Praise to Him Who did not make me a Gentile. Praise to Him Who did not make me uncivilized68The uncivilized person is one who knows no Bible, no Mishnah, and no trade. Since he cannot know what is forbidden, he cannot fear sin. In the Babli (Menaḥot 43b–44a) it is reported that R. Jacob bar Aḥa changed this benediction to “Who did not make me a slave,” since an uncivilized person can become civilized; his state of ignorance is not God-given.. Praise to Him Who did not make me a woman. “Praise to Him Who did not make me a Gentile,” because Gentiles are not considered to be anything, (Is. 40:17) “all Gentiles are nothing before Him.” “Praise to Him Who did not make me uncivilized,” because an uncivilized person cannot fear sin69Mishnah Pirqe Avot 2:6.. “Praise to Him Who did not make me a woman,” because women are not commanded about benedictions70Here מצוות cannot mean “commandments”, not even “positive commandments tied to a fixed time” that do not apply to women, but “benedictions”, as in Chapter 6, Halakhah 1, first paragraph..
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